Basel’s oldest surviving carnival record dates from 1376; earlier evidence was lost in the earthquake of 1356. The celebration developed through medieval guild activity and pre-Lenten customs rather than a single founding moment. Restrictions during the Reformation helped give Fasnacht a rebellious edge, with humour and criticism becoming part of its identity.

In the nineteenth century, organised cliques, satirical singers, piping and drumming began shaping the modern carnival. Its familiar form grew further after the Second World War as more groups appeared and masks, costumes and music became increasingly distinctive. Today hand-painted lanterns carry topical themes through dark streets, while the cortège makes neighbourhood creativity public. The 72-hour rhythm is as important as any individual parade.